Ipzz281 Full Work Jun 2026

# Build the command string (null‑terminated) cmd = b"/bin/cat flag.txt\x00" cmd = cmd.ljust(0x20, b'\x00') # pad to 32 bytes – fits nicely

Because the binary’s read reads bytes, the extra cmd bytes are placed after the ROP chain, but still within the buffer that read writes to. The memory layout after the overflow looks like: ipzz281 full