The input AC or DC voltage first passes through a rectification stage.
Understanding the internal design of this module helps prevent catastrophic failures when interfacing mains power directly with sensitive microcontrollers like the ESP32 or Arduino. Core Specifications Overview wx-dc12003 schematic
: The rectified voltage is smoothed out by a high-voltage electrolytic filter capacitor (typically rated around 4.7µF, 400V or 450V). On the bottom of the PCB, this high-voltage node is often marked near the capacitor traces as DC310V , which is the expected DC peak voltage from a standard 220V AC utility grid. 2. The Primary-Side Regulation (PSR) Controller The input AC or DC voltage first passes