Ethology (the study of animal behavior) provides the foundational rules for this field. When applied to veterinary science, it helps clinicians distinguish between:
Animals cannot verbally communicate physical discomfort. Instead, they communicate through changes in their daily routines, postures, and actions. For veterinary professionals and observant owners, a shift in behavior is often the very first clinical sign of an underlying medical issue. Pain and Aggression Ethology (the study of animal behavior) provides the
