The use of animals in biomedical research, toxicology testing, and educational experiments is highly controversial. While many believe this is necessary for human medical advancements, activists argue for the implementation of the "3Rs":
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18th Century 1970s 1980s [ Jeremy Bentham ] ------------> [ Peter Singer ] -----------> [ Tom Regan ] Focus: Sentience & Focus: Utilitarianism Focus: Inherent Value Ability to suffer & "Animal Liberation" & Deontology If you share with third parties, their policies apply
The trajectory of human civilization points toward an expanding circle of empathy. While achieving absolute animal rights remains a distant societal goal, steady advancements in animal welfare act as vital stepping stones. 18th Century 1970s 1980s [ Jeremy Bentham ]
The benchmark for animal welfare is often the : Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease. Freedom to express normal behavior. Freedom from fear and distress. Animal Rights
Animal welfare is a science-based and pragmatic philosophy. It accepts the premise that humans will continue to use animals for food, clothing, research, and labor. However, it insists that while we use them, we have a moral obligation to minimize their suffering and provide for their mental and physical well-being.