Sudden aggression is frequently triggered by pain. Dental disease, spinal injuries, and ear infections can make an animal lash out when touched.
A sudden onset of irritability or aggression in an otherwise gentle dog is a classic indicator of localized or systemic pain. Conditions such as osteoarthritis, dental disease, or spinal discomfort frequently manifest as snapping when touched or resource guarding a comfortable resting spot. Lethargy and Withdrawal
Future directions in animal behavior and veterinary science include:
Current research in animal behavior and veterinary science is focused on several areas, including:
Clinical ethology—the study of animal behavior in a veterinary context—has shifted from a niche interest to a core component of general practice. This change is driven by the understanding that a "healthy" animal is not merely one free of disease, but one that is mentally stimulated and emotionally stable.